Introduction > Classification > Other types of diabetes
Other specific types of diabetes
When diabetes is due to a precise cause it is called secondary diabetes. Approximately 2% of all cases of diabetes are secondary forms, but unfortunately, most of them are not recognized and they are most commonly classified as type 2 diabetes. MIDD diabetes (Maternal Inherited Diabetes and Deafness) may affect up to 1% of patients with diabetes, but is often undiagnosed. The main secondary forms of diabetes are:
1. Genetic defects of beta cell function
- Chromosome 20 (HNF 4alfa): MODY 1
- Chromosome 7 (glucokinaza): MODY 2
- Chromosome 12 (HNF 1alfa): MODY 3
- Chromosome 13 (IPF-1): MODY 4
- Chromosome 17 (HNF 1beta): MODY 5
- MODY 6: mutation of NEURO D1/BETA2
- Mitochondrial DNA 3243 mutation
2. Genetic defects in insulin action
- Type A insulin resistance
- Leprechaunism
- Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
- Lipoatrophic diabetes
3. Disease of the entire pancreas
- Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
- Pancreatitis
- Trauma/pancreatectomy
- Cystic fibrosis
- Hemochromatosis
4. Endocrinopathies
- Cushing syndrome
- Acromegaly
- Pheochromocytoma
- Glucagonoma
- Hyperthyroidism
- Somatostatinoma
- Conn syndrome
5. Infections
- Congenital rubella
- Cytomegalovirus
- Coksackie B4
- Mumps
6. Uncommon forms of immune – mediated disease
- “Stiff man” syndrome
- Anti-insulin receptor antibodies
7. Drug – or chemical – induced diabetes
- Nicotinic acid
- Glucocorticoids
- Interferon
- Thyroxine/triiodothyronine
- Thiazides
- Pentamidine
- Vacor
- Alfa and beta – adrenergic agonists
- Beta – adrenergic antagonists
8. Other genetic syndromes
- Down syndrome
- Fiedreich ataxi
- Huntington chorea
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Lawrence-Moon-Biedel syndrome
- Porphyria
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Wolfram syndrome
- Myotonic dystrophy
